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55龙胆目Gentianales

人名Gentius伊利里亚国王+人名后缀ana

5科1076属20856种

366茜草科Rubiaceae-590属13620种

367马钱科Loganiaceae-15属390种

368钩吻科Gelsemiaceae-3属11种

369龙胆科Gentianaceae-102属1735种

370夹竹桃科Apocynaceae-366属5100种

PPA vs APW：

PPA II：

  1. ✅Rubiaceae为最基部科
  2. ⚠️剩余4科关系非常混乱
    • M. Endress et al. (1996) found the relationships [Gelsemiaceae [Apocynaceae [Strychnaceae[马钱科Loganiaceae异名] + Geniostomaceae (well supported)]]], see also B. Bremer and Struwe (1992).
    • In other analyses there is weak support for a relationship between Gelsemiaceae and Apocynaceae (Backlund et al. 2000; Jiao & Li 2007; see also B. Bremer 1999; Rova et al. 2002).
    • However, B. Bremer et al. (2002) and Soltis et al. (2011: sampling) found some support for a sister group pair [Gentianaceae + Apocynaceae], as did Magallón et al. (2015) and Refulio-Rodriguez and Olmstead (2014: not the maximum likelihood analysis).
    • Refulio-Rodriguez and Olmstead (2014) also found support for the pair [Gelsemiaceae + Loganiaceae], and their topology is provisionally folowed here (see also Struwe et al. 2014: weak support; Wikström et al. 2015).
    • On the other hand, Tank and Olmstead (pers. comm.) recovered the relationships [Apocynaceae [Gentianaceae [Loganiaceae + Gelsemiaceae]]];
    • L.-L. Yang et al. (2016) [Gentianaceae [Gelsemiaceae [Loganiaceae + Apocynaceae]]], but with little support;
    • Z.-D. Chen et al. (2016) the relationships [Gelsemiaceae [Loganiaceae [Gentianaceae + Apocynaceae]]], with moderate support;
    • and Luna et al. (2019) [Gentianaceae [Apocynaceae [Gelsemiaceae + Loganiaceae]]], but again with weal support.